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Production Examples

Manufacturing

Simple one-process manufacturing with typical inputs and outputs.

manufacturing diagram reflecting the yaml below

# Example: Simple manufacturing process

'@context':
  - '@vocab': http://w3id.org/valueflows/ont/vf#
  - alice: https://alice.example/
    mfg: https://manufacturing.example/

'@graph':

  # Economic resources before

  - '@id': mfg:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: https://www.opendesk.cc/lean/desk # desk
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 8

  - '@id': mfg:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q219803 # plywood
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 130
    note: 4 x 8 sheet of 1/2 inch plywood

  - '@id': mfg:6b97b1be-8e07-44ac-82e5-214f1b2aaf33
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2101564 # desk design specification
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

  - '@id': mfg:52f0e212-3c4f-4d27-b345-5e964c135824
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q13231055 # CNC machine
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

  # Production

  - '@id': mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    '@type': Process
    name: Make the lean desk

  - '@id': mfg:b52a5815-fae9-43bf-be95-833b95dc0adb
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: consume
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9 # plywood sheets
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 3
    hasInput:

    - '@id': mfg:b90b0b77-09a2-42e2-8bd4-e9ae2c1c6172
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: use
      provider: https://manufacturing.example/
      receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
      resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:52f0e212-3c4f-4d27-b345-5e964c135824 # CNC machine
      effortQuantity:
        hasUnit: hour
        hasNumericalValue: 3.5

    - '@id': mfg:a8236bbb-81e0-422d-9861-56d2417db0fb
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: cite
      provider: https://makezine.com/
      receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
      resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:6b97b1be-8e07-44ac-82e5-214f1b2aaf33 # desk design specification
      resourceQuantity:
        hasUnit: one
        hasNumericalValue: 1

    - '@id': mfg:6f438393-7f87-4914-806c-e23a4fd15e89
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: work
      provider: https://alice.example/
      receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
      resourceConformsTo: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q192047 # machining
      effortQuantity:
        hasUnit: hour
        hasNumericalValue: 7

    hasOutput:

    - '@id': mfg:d4d2fd71-34f2-41c3-b1c5-19ad5ed2da59
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: produce
      provider: https://manufacturing.example/
      receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
      resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf # desk
      resourceQuantity:
        hasUnit: one
        hasNumericalValue: 1

  # Economic resources after

  - '@id': mfg:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf
    '@type': EconomicResource
    resourceConformsTo: https://www.opendesk.cc/lean/desk # desk
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 9

  - '@id': mfg:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q219803 # plywood
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 127
    note: 4 x 8 sheet of 1/2 inch plywood

  - '@id': mfg:6b97b1be-8e07-44ac-82e5-214f1b2aaf33
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2101564 # desk design specification
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

  - '@id': mfg:52f0e212-3c4f-4d27-b345-5e964c135824
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q13231055 # CNC machine
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
Alternate view of this manufacturing example, using the relational directionality between Process and EconomicEvent. 
# Example: Simple manufacturing process

'@context':
  - '@vocab': http://w3id.org/valueflows/ont/vf#
  - alice: https://alice.example/
    mfg: https://manufacturing.example/

'@graph':

  # Production

  - '@id': mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    '@type': Process
    name: Make the lean desk

  - '@id': mfg:b52a5815-fae9-43bf-be95-833b95dc0adb
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: consume
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9 # plywood sheets
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 3

  - '@id': mfg:b90b0b77-09a2-42e2-8bd4-e9ae2c1c6172
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: use
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:52f0e212-3c4f-4d27-b345-5e964c135824 # CNC machine
    effortQuantity:
      hasUnit: hour
      hasNumericalValue: 3.5

  - '@id': mfg:a8236bbb-81e0-422d-9861-56d2417db0fb
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: cite
    provider: https://makezine.com/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:6b97b1be-8e07-44ac-82e5-214f1b2aaf33 # desk design specification
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

  - '@id': mfg:6f438393-7f87-4914-806c-e23a4fd15e89
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: work
    provider: https://alice.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceConformsTo: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q192047 # machining
    effortQuantity:
      hasUnit: hour
      hasNumericalValue: 7

  - '@id': mfg:d4d2fd71-34f2-41c3-b1c5-19ad5ed2da59
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    outputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: produce
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf # desk
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

Service

Simple delivery of a service with typical inputs and outputs.

service diagram reflecting the yaml below

# Example: Simple service process

'@context':
  - '@vocab': http://w3id.org/valueflows/ont/vf#
  - alice: https://alice.example/
    bob: https://bob.example/
    carol: https://carol.example/
    training: https://training.example/

'@graph':

  # Economic resources and specifications

  - '@id': training:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9
    '@type': ResourceSpecification
    name: 3D printing 1 day hands-on workshop
    classifiedAs: [ http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q27556165, http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q229367 ] # workshop, 3d printing

  - '@id': training:52f0e212-3c4f-4d27-b345-5e964c135824
    '@type': ResourceSpecification
    name: 3D printing workshop handout
    note: 3D printing class handout for the one day hands-on class, including exercises and review

  - '@id': training:f438393-7f87-4914-806c-e23a4fd15e89
    '@type': ResourceSpecification
    name: 3D printing training
    note: In-house certified training on 3D printing

  - '@id': training:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q53953506 # 3D printer
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

  - '@id': training:6b97b1be-8e07-44ac-82e5-214f1b2aaf33
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: training:52f0e212-3c4f-4d27-b345-5e964c135824 # 3D printing class handout
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 100

  # Service delivery

  - '@id': training:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    '@type': Process
    name: Give the 3D printing workshop
    hasInput:

    - '@id': training:b90b0b77-09a2-42e2-8bd4-e9ae2c1c617
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: consume
      provider: https://training.example/
      receiver: https://training.example/
      resourceInventoriedAs: training:6b97b1be-8e07-44ac-82e5-214f1b2aaf33 # workshop handout
      resourceQuantity:
        hasUnit: one
        hasNumericalValue: 3

    - '@id': training:b52a5815-fae9-43bf-be95-833b95dc0adb
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: use
      provider: https://training.example/
      receiver: https://training.example/
      resourceInventoriedAs: training:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf # 3D printer
      effortQuantity:
        hasUnit: hour
        hasNumericalValue: 8

    - '@id': training:a8236bbb-81e0-422d-9861-56d2417db0fb
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: work
      provider: https://training.example/
      receiver: https://training.example/
      resourceConformsTo: training:f438393-7f87-4914-806c-e23a4fd15e89 # 3D printer training
      effortQuantity:
        hasUnit: hour
        hasNumericalValue: 8

    hasOutput:

    - '@id': training:d4d2fd71-34f2-41c3-b1c5-19ad5ed2da59
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: deliverService
      provider: https://training.example/
      receiver: https://alice.example/
      resourceConformsTo: training:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9 # one day 3D printing workshop
      resourceQuantity:
        hasUnit: one
        hasNumericalValue: 1

    - '@id': training:583e83d9-a46d-44ff-bd71-88513a1d83c0
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: deliverService
      provider: https://training.example/
      receiver: https://bob.example/
      resourceConformsTo: training:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9 # one day 3D printing workshop
      resourceQuantity:
        hasUnit: one
        hasNumericalValue: 1

    - '@id': training:e4783bef-9006-490c-9c03-389272c7444d
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: deliverService
      provider: https://training.example/
      receiver: https://carol.example/
      resourceConformsTo: training:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9 # one day 3D printing workshop
      resourceQuantity:
        hasUnit: one
        hasNumericalValue: 1
Alternate view of this service example, using the relational directionality between Process and EconomicEvent. 
# Example: Simple service process

'@context':
  - h'@vocab': http://w3id.org/valueflows/ont/vf#
  - alice: https://alice.example/
    bob: https://bob.example/
    carol: https://carol.example/
    training: https://training.example/

'@graph':
  # Service delivery

  - '@id': training:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    '@type': Process
    name: Give the 3D printing workshop

  - '@id': training:b90b0b77-09a2-42e2-8bd4-e9ae2c1c617
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: training:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: consume
    provider: https://training.example/
    receiver: https://training.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: training:6b97b1be-8e07-44ac-82e5-214f1b2aaf33 # workshop handout
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 3

  - '@id': training:b52a5815-fae9-43bf-be95-833b95dc0adb
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: training:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: use
    provider: https://training.example/
    receiver: https://training.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: training:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf # 3D printer
    effortQuantity:
      hasUnit: hour
      hasNumericalValue: 8

  - '@id': training:a8236bbb-81e0-422d-9861-56d2417db0fb
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: training:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: work
    provider: https://training.example/
    receiver: https://training.example/
    resourceConformsTo: training:f438393-7f87-4914-806c-e23a4fd15e89 # 3D printer training
    effortQuantity:
      hasUnit: hour
      hasNumericalValue: 8

  - '@id': training:d4d2fd71-34f2-41c3-b1c5-19ad5ed2da59
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    outputOf: training:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: deliverService
    provider: https://training.example/
    receiver: https://alice.example/
    resourceConformsTo: training:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9 # one day 3D printing workshop
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

  - '@id': training:583e83d9-a46d-44ff-bd71-88513a1d83c0
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    outputOf: training:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: deliverService
    provider: https://training.example/
    receiver: https://bob.example/
    resourceConformsTo: training:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9 # one day 3D printing workshop
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

  - '@id': training:e4783bef-9006-490c-9c03-389272c7444d
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    outputOf: training:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: deliverService
    provider: https://training.example/
    receiver: https://carol.example/
    resourceConformsTo: training:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9 # one day 3D printing workshop
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

Workflow production

Simple repair process with typical inputs and outputs. The same economic resource goes into and out of the process(es).

workflow diagram reflecting the yaml below

# Example: Simple workflow process

'@context':
  - '@vocab': http://w3id.org/valueflows/ont/vf#
  - alice: https://alice.example/
    repair: https://auto-repair.example/

'@graph':

  # Economic resource before

  - '@id': alice:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf
    '@type': EconomicResource
    resourceConformsTo: http://opensourceecology.org/wiki/Wikispeed_SGT01 # car
    trackingIdentifier: JHMCD38698S061469
    primaryAccountable: https://alice.example/
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

  # Repair process

  - '@id': repair:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    '@type': Process
    name: Oil change JHMCD38698S061469
    note: Check over car, change oil (standard quantity).
    hasInput:

    - '@id': repair:a8236bbb-81e0-422d-9861-56d2417db0fb
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: accept
      provider: https://alice.example/
      receiver: https://auto-repair.example/
      resourceInventoriedAs: alice:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf
      resourceQuantity:
        hasUnit: one
        hasNumericalValue: 1

    hasOutput:

    - '@id': repair:52f0e212-3c4f-4d27-b345-5e964c135824
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: modify
      provider: https://auto-repair.example/
      receiver: https://alice.example/
      resourceInventoriedAs: alice:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf
      resourceQuantity:
        hasUnit: one
        hasNumericalValue: 1

  # Economic resource after

  - '@id': alice:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf
    '@type': EconomicResource
    resourceConformsTo: http://opensourceecology.org/wiki/Wikispeed_SGT01 # car
    trackingIdentifier: JHMCD38698S061469
    primaryAccountable: https://alice.example/
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
Alternate view of this workflow process, using the more relational directionality option. 
# Example: Simple workflow process

'@context':
  - '@vocab': http://w3id.org/valueflows/ont/vf#
  - alice: https://alice.example/
    repair: https://auto-repair.example/

'@graph':

  # Repair process

  - '@id': repair:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    '@type': Process
    name: Oil change JHMCD38698S061469
    note: Check over car, change oil (standard quantity).

  - '@id': repair:a8236bbb-81e0-422d-9861-56d2417db0fb
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: repair:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: accept
    provider: https://alice.example/
    receiver: https://auto-repair.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: alice:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

  - '@id': repair:52f0e212-3c4f-4d27-b345-5e964c135824
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: repair:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: modify
    provider: https://auto-repair.example/
    receiver: https://alice.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: alice:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

Stage and state

Simple assembly and testing showing use of stage and state.

stage state diagram reflecting the yaml below

# Example: Process using stage and state
# credit Fabulaser-Mini, https://github.com/fab-machines/Fabulaser-Mini/blob/main/manual/Fabulaser%20manual%20L2M2.pdf

'@context':
  - '@vocab': http://w3id.org/valueflows/ont/vf#
  - mfg: https://manufacturing.example/

'@graph':

  # Process Specifications

  - '@id': mfg:3be5259d-10f0-431c-9fec-9c0c15a461d3
    '@type': ProcessSpecification
    name: Attach air filter

  - '@id': mfg:3be5259d-10f0-431c-9fec-9c0c15a461e4
    '@type': ProcessSpecification
    name: Attach air compressor

  - '@id': mfg:3be5259d-10f0-431c-9fec-9c0c15a461f9
    '@type': ProcessSpecification
    name: Test machine

  # Resource Specification

  - '@id': mfg:3be525ee-10f0-431c-9fec-9c0c15a4dv97
    '@type': ResourceSpecification
    name: Fabulaser laser cutter

  # Economic resource before attach air filter process

  - '@id': mfg:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf
    '@type': EconomicResource
    resourceConformsTo: mfg:3be525ee-10f0-431c-9fec-9c0c15a4dv97 # Fabulaser
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    stage: mfg:3be5259d-10f0-431c-9fec-9c0c15a461e4 # attach air compressor

  # Assembly process

  - '@id': mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    '@type': Process
    name: Attach the air filter (step 33)
    basedOn: mfg:3be5259d-10f0-431c-9fec-9c0c15a461d3 # process specification: attach air filter
    hasInput:

    - '@id': mfg:a8236bbb-81e0-422d-9861-56d2417db0fb
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: accept
      provider: https://manufacturing.example/
      receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
      resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf # a laser cutter
      resourceQuantity:
        hasUnit: one
        hasNumericalValue: 1
      stage: mfg:3be5259d-10f0-431c-9fec-9c0c15a461e4 # attach air compressor

    - '@id': mfg:a8236bbb-81e0-422d-9861-56d2417db0ss
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: consume
      provider: https://manufacturing.example/
      receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
      resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81dlk4d0 # an air filter
      resourceQuantity:
        hasUnit: one
        hasNumericalValue: 1

    - '@id': mfg:a8236bbb-81e0-422d-9861-56d2417db0st
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: consume
      provider: https://manufacturing.example/
      receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
      resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81dlcvgk # a hose clamp
      resourceQuantity:
        hasUnit: one
        hasNumericalValue: 1

    hasOutput:

    - '@id': mfg:52f0e212-3c4f-4d27-b345-5e964c135824
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: modify
      provider: https://manufacturing.example/
      receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
      resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf # a laser cutter
      resourceQuantity:
        hasUnit: one
        hasNumericalValue: 1

  # Economic resource after attach air filter process

  - '@id': mfg:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf
    '@type': EconomicResource
    resourceConformsTo: mfg:3be525ee-10f0-431c-9fec-9c0c15a4dv97 # Fabulaser
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    stage: mfg:3be5259d-10f0-431c-9fec-9c0c15a461d3 # attach air filter

  # Testing process

  - '@id': mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c98
    '@type': Process
    name: Test the laser cutter
    basedOn: mfg:3be5259d-10f0-431c-9fec-9c0c15a461d3 # final test after all assembly

  - '@id': mfg:a8236bbb-81e0-422d-9861-56d2417db0fb
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c98
    action: accept
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf # a laser cutter
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    stage: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84 #attach air filter

  - '@id': mfg:52f0e212-3c4f-4d27-b345-5e964c135824
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    outputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c98
    action: modify
    state: pass
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf # a laser cutter
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

  # Economic resource after testing

  - '@id': mfg:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf
    '@type': EconomicResource
    resourceConformsTo: mfg:3be525ee-10f0-431c-9fec-9c0c15a4dv97 # Fabulaser
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    stage: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c98 # test machine
    state: pass
Alternate view of these stage-state processes, using the more relational directionality option. 
# Example: Process using stage and state
# credit Fabulaser-Mini, https://github.com/fab-machines/Fabulaser-Mini/blob/main/manual/Fabulaser%20manual%20L2M2.pdf

'@context':
  - '@vocab': http://w3id.org/valueflows/ont/vf#
  - mfg: https://manufacturing.example/

'@graph':

  # Assembly process

  - '@id': mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    '@type': Process
    name: Attach the air filter (step 33)
    basedOn: mfg:3be5259d-10f0-431c-9fec-9c0c15a461d3 # process specification: attach air filter

  - '@id': mfg:a8236bbb-81e0-422d-9861-56d2417db0fb
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: accept
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf # a laser cutter
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    stage: mfg:3be5259d-10f0-431c-9fec-9c0c15a461e4 # attach air compressor

  - '@id': mfg:a8236bbb-81e0-422d-9861-56d2417db0ss
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: consume
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81dlk4d0 # an air filter
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

  - '@id': mfg:a8236bbb-81e0-422d-9861-56d2417db0st
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: consume
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81dlcvgk # a hose clamp
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

  - '@id': mfg:52f0e212-3c4f-4d27-b345-5e964c135824
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    outputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: modify
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf # a laser cutter
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

  # Testing process

  - '@id': mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c98
    '@type': Process
    name: Test the laser cutter
    basedOn: mfg:3be5259d-10f0-431c-9fec-9c0c15a461d3 # final test after all assembly

  - '@id': mfg:a8236bbb-81e0-422d-9861-56d2417db0fb
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c98
    action: accept
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf # a laser cutter
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    stage: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84 #attach air filter

  - '@id': mfg:52f0e212-3c4f-4d27-b345-5e964c135824
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    outputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c98
    action: modify
    state: pass
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf # a laser cutter
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

Manufacturing and workflow with Recipe and Plan

A component is produced (manufacturing pattern) and tested (workflow pattern). QT ("quality testing") gives pass and/or fail outputs. The failed components are passed back into a source resource (because it can be re-used as an input as part of the QT process, to be used in this or the next manufacturing run.

The QT needs the stage and state of the input component resource, because QT would only be done on components that are made and not tested yet. By the same token, components would only be sent into the next assembly process if they have passed the QT process/stage (not part of this example).

This example includes recipe, plan, and actuals.

stage-state recipe-plan-observations diagram reflecting the yaml below

# Example: Workflow recipe, plan, execution, including stage and state usage

'@context':
  - '@vocab': http://w3id.org/valueflows/ont/vf#
  - mfg: https://manufacturing.example/

'@graph':

  # specifications

  - '@id': urn:uuid:3be5259d-10f0-431c-9fec-9c0c15a461d3
    '@type': ResourceSpecification
    name: Bucket white 5 gallon
    defaultUnitOfResource: one
    substitutable: true

  - '@id': urn:uuid:d4d2fd71-34f2-41c3-b1c5-19ad5ed2da58
    '@type': ResourceSpecification
    name: Thermoplastic polymer white
    DefaultUnitOfResource: kilogram
    substitutable: true

  - '@id': urn:uuid:c7897c39-7f05-4a5d-a487-80e130a2414a
    '@type': ResourceSpecification
    name: Injection molding machine
    defaultUnitOfResource: one
    defaultUnitOfEffort: hour
    substitutable: true

  - '@id': mfg:27be5cab-d740-4194-9298-1661a69d9d95
    '@type': ProcessSpecification
    name: Make injection molded buckets

  - '@id': mfg:6fb358a3-2859-4d6a-a4fa-431603ee70f5
    '@type': ProcessSpecification
    name: QT injection molded buckets

  # resources before

  - '@id': mfg:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9
    '@type': EconomicResource
    name: Bucket white 5 gallon
    conformsTo: urn:uuid:3be5259d-10f0-431c-9fec-9c0c15a461d3
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 320
    state: pass
    stage: mfg:6fb358a3-2859-4d6a-a4fa-431603ee70f5 # QT

  - '@id': mfg:6b5bc786-b9ed-4189-b34f-5ef7d10f1f86
    '@type': EconomicResource
    name: Thermoplastic polymer white
    conformsTo: urn:uuid:d4d2fd71-34f2-41c3-b1c5-19ad5ed2da58
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: kilogram
      hasNumericalValue: 2455

  - '@id': mfg:23799c14-c368-4653-a584-83bf9ae8b82a
    '@type': EconomicResource
    name: Injection molding maching
    conformsTo: urn:uuid:c7897c39-7f05-4a5d-a487-80e130a2414a
    trackingIdentifier: DDE098989099911
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    unitOfEffort: hour

  # the recipe (here the recipe runs "backwards" from the final product, similar to a BOM)

  - '@id': mfg:33e8933b-ff73-4a01-964a-ca7a98893083
    '@type': RecipeFlow
    recipeOutputOf: mfg:a8356625-bf64-4c16-9099-28aa1b718c4b
    action: modify
    state: pass
    resourceConformsTo: urn:uuid:3be5259d-10f0-431c-9fec-9c0c15a461d3 # bucket
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 500

  - '@id': mfg:54b814ee-62dc-40c1-bb96-f8582aa4f771
    '@type': RecipeFlow
    recipeOutputOf: mfg:a8356625-bf64-4c16-9099-28aa1b718c4b
    action: produce # fail
    resourceConformsTo: urn:uuid:d4d2fd71-34f2-41c3-b1c5-19ad5ed2da58 # polymer
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: kilogram
      hasNumericalValue: 0

  - '@id': mfg:a8356625-bf64-4c16-9099-28aa1b718c4b
    '@type': RecipeProcess
    name: QT bucket white 5 gallon - minimum run
    processConformsTo: mfg:6fb358a3-2859-4d6a-a4fa-431603ee70f5 # the process specification
    time:hasDuration:
      time:unitType unit:Hour
      time:numericDuration 1

  - '@id': mfg:2342d456-5d6f-46d5-a7ed-3ac7bfd5a86c
    '@type': RecipeFlow
    recipeInputOf: mfg:a8356625-bf64-4c16-9099-28aa1b718c4b
    action: accept
    resourceConformsTo: urn:uuid:3be5259d-10f0-431c-9fec-9c0c15a461d3 # bucket
    stage: mfg:27be5cab-d740-4194-9298-1661a69d9d95 # 'make' process specification
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 500

  - '@id': mfg:33e8933b-ff73-4a01-964a-ca7a98893083
    '@type': RecipeFlow
    recipeOutputOf: mfg:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf
    action: produce
    resourceConformsTo: urn:uuid:3be5259d-10f0-431c-9fec-9c0c15a461d3 # bucket
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 500

  - '@id': mfg:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf
    '@type': RecipeProcess
    name: Make bucket white 5 gallon - minimum run
    processConformsTo: mfg:27be5cab-d740-4194-9298-1661a69d9d95 # the process specification
    time:hasDuration:
      time:unitType unit:Hour
      time:numericDuration 7

  - '@id': mfg:9bd19194-a36d-4a1f-896b-8082887962cb
    '@type': RecipeFlow
    recipeInputOf: mfg:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf
    action: consume
    resourceConformsTo: urn:uuid:d4d2fd71-34f2-41c3-b1c5-19ad5ed2da58 # polymer
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: kilogram
      hasNumericalValue: 450

  - '@id': mfg:60f4204e-b8d2-4026-8577-102c3f82c0af
    '@type': RecipeFlow
    recipeInputOf: mfg:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf
    action: use
    resourceConformsTo: urn:uuid:c7897c39-7f05-4a5d-a487-80e130a2414a # injection molding machine
    effortQuantity:
      hasUnit: hour
      hasNumericalValue: 5.5

  # the plan (shown running "forwards")

  - '@id': mfg:8e5fe80d-a769-4bd5-89e5-2136d33eab9f
    '@type': Plan
    name: Buckets run number 381
    due: 2019-04-08T17:00:00-5:00

  - '@id': mfg:b52a5815-fae9-43bf-be95-833b95dc0adb
    '@type': Commitment
    inputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: consume
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceConformsTo: urn:uuid:d4d2fd71-34f2-41c3-b1c5-19ad5ed2da58 # polymer
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: kilogram
      hasNumericalValue: 900

  - '@id': mfg:52f0e212-3c4f-4d27-b345-5e964c135824
    '@type': Commitment
    inputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: use
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceConformsTo: urn:uuid:c7897c39-7f05-4a5d-a487-80e130a2414a # injection molding machine
    effortQuantity:
      hasUnit: hour
      hasNumericalValue: 11

  - '@id': mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    '@type': Process
    name: Make bucket white 5 gallon
    plannedWithin: mfg:8e5fe80d-a769-4bd5-89e5-2136d33eab9f
    basedOn: mfg:27be5cab-d740-4194-9298-1661a69d9d95 # the process specification
    time:hasDuration:
      time:unitType unit:Hour
      time:numericDuration 14

  - '@id': mfg:a8236bbb-81e0-422d-9861-56d2417db0fb
    '@type': Commitment
    outputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: produce
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceConformsTo: urn:uuid:3be5259d-10f0-431c-9fec-9c0c15a461d3 # bucket
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1000

  - '@id': mfg:fbff9852-36ca-4364-a943-bc0b49e1cab5
    '@type': Commitment
    inputOf: mfg:8baa8ff7-9c1e-4586-ae7b-79d620a3cac9
    action: accept
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceConformsTo: urn:uuid:3be5259d-10f0-431c-9fec-9c0c15a461d3 # bucket
    stage: mfg:27be5cab-d740-4194-9298-1661a69d9d95 # 'make' process specification
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1000

  - '@id': mfg:8baa8ff7-9c1e-4586-ae7b-79d620a3cac9
    '@type': Process
    name: QT bucket white 5 gallon
    plannedWithin: mfg:8e5fe80d-a769-4bd5-89e5-2136d33eab9f
    basedOn: mfg:6fb358a3-2859-4d6a-a4fa-431603ee70f5 # the process specification
    time:hasDuration:
      time:unitType unit:Hour
      time:numericDuration 14

  - '@id': mfg:21f361a6-2375-46bb-b192-c21b5ba833bf
    '@type': Commitment
    independentDemandOf: mfg:8e5fe80d-a769-4bd5-89e5-2136d33eab9f # the plan
    outputOf: mfg:8baa8ff7-9c1e-4586-ae7b-79d620a3cac9
    action: modify
    state: pass
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceConformsTo: urn:uuid:3be5259d-10f0-431c-9fec-9c0c15a461d3 # bucket
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1000

  - '@id': mfg:21f361a6-2375-46bb-b192-c21b5ba833bg
    '@type': Commitment
    outputOf: mfg:8baa8ff7-9c1e-4586-ae7b-79d620a3cac9
    action: produce
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceConformsTo: urn:uuid:d4d2fd71-34f2-41c3-b1c5-19ad5ed2da58 # polymer
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: kilogram
      hasNumericalValue: 0

  # manufacture and test the buckets according to plan

  - '@id': mfg:e18c808c-929a-450d-9d0d-3b3f531bc126
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84 # planned make process
    action: consume
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:6b5bc786-b9ed-4189-b34f-5ef7d10f1f86 # polymer stock
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: kilogram
      hasNumericalValue: 925

  - '@id': mfg:5d2fe7da-b91b-4dab-91d9-68db80c1feb7
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84 # planned make process
    action: use
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:23799c14-c368-4653-a584-83bf9ae8b82a # the machine
    effortQuantity:
      hasUnit: hour
      hasNumericalValue: 10.7

  - '@id': mfg:8791913c-0152-4c32-bb3f-f25d61df736c
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    outputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84 # planned make process
    action: produce
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9 # buckets
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1000

  - '@id': mfg:a8236bbb-81e0-422d-9861-56d2417db0fb
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: mfg:8baa8ff7-9c1e-4586-ae7b-79d620a3cac9 # planned qt process
    action: accept
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9 #buckets
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1000

  - '@id': mfg:52f0e212-3c4f-4d27-b345-5e964c135824
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    outputOf: mfg:8baa8ff7-9c1e-4586-ae7b-79d620a3cac9 # planned qt process
    action: modify
    state: pass
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9 # buckets
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 998

  - '@id': mfg:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    outputOf: mfg:8baa8ff7-9c1e-4586-ae7b-79d620a3cac9 # planned qt process
    action: produce
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:6b5bc786-b9ed-4189-b34f-5ef7d10f1f86 # polymer stock
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: kilogram
      hasNumericalValue: 1.8

  # resources after

  - '@id': mfg:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9
    '@type': EconomicResource
    name: Bucket white 5 gallon
    conformsTo: urn:uuid:3be5259d-10f0-431c-9fec-9c0c15a461d3
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1318
    state: pass
    stage: mfg:6fb358a3-2859-4d6a-a4fa-431603ee70f5 #QT

  - '@id': mfg:6b5bc786-b9ed-4189-b34f-5ef7d10f1f86
    '@type': EconomicResource
    name: Thermoplastic polymer white
    conformsTo: urn:uuid:d4d2fd71-34f2-41c3-b1c5-19ad5ed2da58
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: kilogram
      hasNumericalValue: 1531.8

  - '@id': mfg:23799c14-c368-4653-a584-83bf9ae8b82a
    '@type': EconomicResource
    name: Injection molding maching
    conformsTo: urn:uuid:c7897c39-7f05-4a5d-a487-80e130a2414a
    trackingIdentifier: DDE098989099911
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    unitOfEffort: hour

Combine and separate with packing container

Simple pack and unpack of resources into and out of a container resource, using combine and separate.

pack unpack diagram reflecting the yaml below

# Example: Simple pack and unpack processes

'@context':
  - '@vocab': http://w3id.org/valueflows/ont/vf#
  - med: https://medical.example/
    wash: https://laundry.example/

'@graph':

  # Economic resources before

  - '@id': med:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q987767 # container
    trackingIdentifier: cont234
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    containedIn:

  - '@id': med:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q89990310 # medical gown
    trackingIdentifier: gown789
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    containedIn: 

  - '@id': med:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b0
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q89990310 # medical gown
    trackingIdentifier: gown734
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    containedIn: 

  - '@id': med:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b1
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q89990310 # medical gown
    trackingIdentifier: gown698
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    containedIn: 

  # Packing process

  - '@id': med:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    '@type': Process
    name: Pack medical gowns
    note: Each gown is scanned for tracking identifier as packed
    hasInput:

    - '@id': med:b52a5815-fae9-43bf-be95-833b95dc0adb
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: combine
      provider: https://medical.example/
      receiver: https://medical.example/
      resourceInventoriedAs: med:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf # a container
      resourceQuantity:
        hasUnit: one
        hasNumericalValue: 1
      note: Container is empty at this point.

    - '@id': med:b90b0b77-09a2-42e2-8bd4-e9ae2c1c6172
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: combine
      provider: https://medical.example/
      receiver: https://medical.example/
      resourceInventoriedAs: med:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9 # a medical gown
      resourceQuantity:
        hasUnit: one
        hasNumericalValue: 1

    - '@id': med:a8236bbb-81e0-422d-9861-56d2417db0fb
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: combine
      provider: https://medical.example/
      receiver: https://medical.example/
      resourceInventoriedAs: med:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b0 # a medical gown
      resourceQuantity:
        hasUnit: one
        hasNumericalValue: 1

    - '@id': med:6f438393-7f87-4914-806c-e23a4fd15e89
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: combine
      provider: https://medical.example/
      receiver: https://medical.example/
      resourceInventoriedAs: med:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b1 # a medical gown
      resourceQuantity:
        hasUnit: one
        hasNumericalValue: 1

    hasOutput:

    - '@id': med:b52a5815-fae9-43bf-be95-833b95dc0456
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: produce
      provider: https://medical.example/
      receiver: https://medical.example/
      resourceConformsTo: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2127468 # packaging unit
      resourceQuantity:
        hasUnit: one
        hasNumericalValue: 1
      note: This is a new resource, a package containing all inputs.

  # Economic resources after packing

  - '@id': med:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q987767 # container
    trackingIdentifier: cont234
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    containedIn: med:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da564h

  - '@id': med:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q89990310 # medical gown
    trackingIdentifier: gown789
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    containedIn: med:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da564h

  - '@id': med:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b0
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q89990310 # medical gown
    trackingIdentifier: gown734
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    containedIn: med:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da564h

  - '@id': med:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b1
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q89990310 # medical gown
    trackingIdentifier: gown698
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    containedIn: med:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da564h

  - '@id': med:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da564h
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2127468 # packaging unit
    trackingIdentifier: pack6789
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

  # The package is transferred to the laundry

  - '@id': med:b52a5815-fae9-43bf-be95-833berqojdasf7
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    action: transferCustody
    provider: https://medical.example/
    receiver: https://laundry.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: med:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da564h # the package
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    note: Contains gowns and container.

  # The package is unpacked at the laundry

  - '@id': wash:33e8933b-ff73-4a01-964a-ca7a98893083
    '@type': Process
    name: Unpack medical gowns
    note: Each gown is scanned for tracking identifier as unpacked
    hasInput:

    - '@id': wash:33e8933b-ff73-4a01-964a-ca7a98893
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: consume
      provider: https://laundry.example/
      receiver: https://laundry.example/
      resourceInventoriedAs: med:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da564h # the package
      resourceQuantity:
        hasUnit: one
        hasNumericalValue: 1

    hasOutput:

    - '@id': wash:60f4204e-b8d2-4026-8577-102c3f82c0af
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: separate
      provider: https://laundry.example/
      receiver: https://laundry.example/
      resourceInventoriedAs: med:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf # a container
      resourceQuantity:
        hasUnit: one
        hasNumericalValue: 1

    - '@id': wash:60f4204e-b8d2-4026-8577-102c3fkm98g1
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: separate
      provider: https://laundry.example/
      receiver: https://laundry.example/
      resourceInventoriedAs: med:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9 # a medical gown
      resourceQuantity:
        hasUnit: one
        hasNumericalValue: 1

    - '@id': wash:60f4204e-b8d2-4026-8577-102c3fsd89cv
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: separate
      provider: https://laundry.example/
      receiver: https://laundry.example/
      resourceInventoriedAs: med:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b0 # a medical gown
      resourceQuantity:
        hasUnit: one
        hasNumericalValue: 1

    - '@id': wash:60f4204e-b8d2-4026-8577-102c3fd9kjre
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: separate
      provider: https://laundry.example/
      receiver: https://laundry.example/
      resourceInventoriedAs: med:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b1 # a medical gown
      resourceQuantity:
        hasUnit: one
        hasNumericalValue: 1

  # Economic resources after unpacking

  - '@id': med:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q987767 # container
    trackingIdentifier: cont234
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

  - '@id': med:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q89990310 # medical gown
    trackingIdentifier: gown789
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    containedIn: 

  - '@id': med:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b0
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q89990310 # medical gown
    trackingIdentifier: gown734
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    containedIn:

  - '@id': med:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b1
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q89990310 # medical gown
    trackingIdentifier: gown698
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
Alternate view of these pack-unpack processes, using the more relational directionality option. 
# Example: Simple pack and unpack processes

'@context':
  - '@vocab': http://w3id.org/valueflows/ont/vf#
  - med: https://medical.example/
    wash: https://laundry.example/

'@graph':

  # Packing process

  - '@id': med:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    '@type': Process
    name: Pack medical gowns
    note: Each gown is scanned for tracking identifier as packed

  - '@id': med:b52a5815-fae9-43bf-be95-833b95dc0adb
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: med:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: combine
    provider: https://medical.example/
    receiver: https://medical.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: med:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf # a container
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    note: Container is empty at this point.

  - '@id': med:b90b0b77-09a2-42e2-8bd4-e9ae2c1c6172
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: med:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: combine
    provider: https://medical.example/
    receiver: https://medical.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: med:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9 # a medical gown
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

  - '@id': med:a8236bbb-81e0-422d-9861-56d2417db0fb
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: med:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: combine
    provider: https://medical.example/
    receiver: https://medical.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: med:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b0 # a medical gown
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

  - '@id': med:6f438393-7f87-4914-806c-e23a4fd15e89
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: med:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: combine
    provider: https://medical.example/
    receiver: https://medical.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: med:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b1 # a medical gown
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

  - '@id': med:b52a5815-fae9-43bf-be95-833b95dc0456
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    outputOf: med:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: produce
    provider: https://medical.example/
    receiver: https://medical.example/
    resourceConformsTo: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2127468 # packaging unit
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    note: This is a new resource, a package containing all inputs.

  # The package is unpacked at the laundry

  - '@id': wash:33e8933b-ff73-4a01-964a-ca7a98893083
    '@type': Process
    name: Unpack medical gowns
    note: Each gown is scanned for tracking identifier as unpacked

  - '@id': wash:33e8933b-ff73-4a01-964a-ca7a98893
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: wash:33e8933b-ff73-4a01-964a-ca7a98893083
    action: consume
    provider: https://laundry.example/
    receiver: https://laundry.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: med:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da564h # the package
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

  - '@id': wash:60f4204e-b8d2-4026-8577-102c3f82c0af
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    outputOf: wash:33e8933b-ff73-4a01-964a-ca7a98893083
    action: separate
    provider: https://laundry.example/
    receiver: https://laundry.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: med:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf # a container
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

  - '@id': wash:60f4204e-b8d2-4026-8577-102c3fkm98g1
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    outputOf: wash:33e8933b-ff73-4a01-964a-ca7a98893083
    action: separate
    provider: https://laundry.example/
    receiver: https://laundry.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: med:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9 # a medical gown
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

  - '@id': wash:60f4204e-b8d2-4026-8577-102c3fsd89cv
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    outputOf: wash:33e8933b-ff73-4a01-964a-ca7a98893083
    action: separate
    provider: https://laundry.example/
    receiver: https://laundry.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: med:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b0 # a medical gown
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

  - '@id': wash:60f4204e-b8d2-4026-8577-102c3fd9kjre
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    outputOf: wash:33e8933b-ff73-4a01-964a-ca7a98893083
    action: separate
    provider: https://laundry.example/
    receiver: https://laundry.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: med:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b1 # a medical gown
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

Combine and separate with ongoing containing resource

Simple addition of a resource into a containing resource, using combine and separate.

add cow to herd diagram reflecting the yaml below

# Example: Simple add and remove to and from existing resource

'@context':
  - '@vocab': http://w3id.org/valueflows/ont/vf#
  - dairy: https://dairy.example/

'@graph':

  # Economic resources before

  - '@id': dairy:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11748378 # cow
    trackingIdentifier: cow12
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    containedIn: dairy:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9

  - '@id': dairy:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bg
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11748378 # cow
    trackingIdentifier: cow45
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    containedIn:

  - '@id': dairy:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bh
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11748378 # cow
    trackingIdentifier: cow40
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    containedIn: dairy:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9

  - '@id': dairy:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209542 # herd
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

  # Adding process

  - '@id': dairy:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    '@type': Process
    name: Add cow to the herd
    hasInput:

    - '@id': dairy:b52a5815-fae9-43bf-be95-833b95dc0adb
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: accept
      provider: https://dairy.example/
      receiver: https://dairy.example/
      resourceInventoriedAs: dairy:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9 # herd
      resourceQuantity:
        hasUnit: one
        hasNumericalValue: 1
      note: Herd already has some cows.

    - '@id': dairy:b90b0b77-09a2-42e2-8bd4-e9ae2c1c6172
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: combine
      provider: https://dairy.example/
      receiver: https://dairy.example/
      resourceInventoriedAs: dairy:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bg # cow45
      resourceQuantity:
        hasUnit: one
        hasNumericalValue: 1

    hasOutput:

    - '@id': dairy:b52a5815-fae9-43bf-be95-833b95dc0456
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: modify
      provider: https://dairy.example/
      receiver: https://dairy.example/
      resourceInventoriedAs: dairy:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9 # herd
      resourceQuantity:
        hasUnit: one
        hasNumericalValue: 1
      note: This resource stays the same, but has a new member

  # Removing process

  - '@id': dairy:33e8933b-ff73-4a01-964a-ca7a98893083
    '@type': Process
    name: Remove cow from the herd
    hasInput:

    - '@id': dairy:33e8933b-ff73-4a01-964a-ca7a98893
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: accept
      provider: https://dairy.example/
      receiver: https://dairy.example/
      resourceInventoriedAs: dairy:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9 # herd
      resourceQuantity:
        hasUnit: one
        hasNumericalValue: 1

    hasOutput:

    - '@id': dairy:60f4204e-b8d2-4026-8577-102c3f82c0af
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: modify
      provider: https://dairy.example/
      receiver: https://dairy.example/
      resourceInventoriedAs: dairy:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9 # herd
      resourceQuantity:
        hasUnit: one
        hasNumericalValue: 1

    - '@id': dairy:60f4204e-b8d2-4026-8577-102c3fkm98g1
      '@type': EconomicEvent
      action: separate
      provider: https://dairy.example/
      receiver: https://dairy.example/
      resourceInventoriedAs: dairy:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf # cow12
      resourceQuantity:
        hasUnit: one
        hasNumericalValue: 1

  # Economic resources at end

  - '@id': dairy:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11748378 # cow
    trackingIdentifier: cow12
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    containedIn:

  - '@id': dairy:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bg
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11748378 # cow
    trackingIdentifier: cow45
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    containedIn: dairy:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9

  - '@id': dairy:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bh
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11748378 # cow
    trackingIdentifier: cow40
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    containedIn: dairy:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9

  - '@id': dairy:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9
    '@type': EconomicResource
    conformsTo: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209542 # herd
    accountingQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1

Correcting errors

Simple one-process manufacturing with corrections.

Note that the diagram below shows the actual data in the flow. If a use case calls for it, the events can be combined on a user interface so that a "corrected" event would be displayed, for example just "work 6 hours machining" and "consume 5 plywood sheets" as the two inputs to this process. In that case, you could show all of events, including the correcting events, in another view.

event correction diagram reflecting the yaml below

# Example: Correcting a data recording error in an event

'@context':
  - '@vocab': http://w3id.org/valueflows/ont/vf#
  - alice: https://alice.example/
    mfg: https://manufacturing.example/

'@graph':

  # Before corrections

  - '@id': mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    '@type': Process
    name: Make the lean desk

  - '@id': mfg:b52a5815-fae9-43bf-be95-833b95dc0adb
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: consume
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9 # plywood sheets
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 3
    hasPointInTime: 2019-04-08T10:00:00-5:00
    created: 2019-04-08T18:00:00-5:00

  - '@id': mfg:6f438393-7f87-4914-806c-e23a4fd15e89
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: work
    provider: https://alice.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceConformsTo: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q192047 # machining
    effortQuantity:
      hasUnit: hour
      hasNumericalValue: 7
    hasBeginning: 2019-04-08T10:30:00-5:00
    hasEnd: 2019-04-08T16:30:00-5:00
    created: 2019-04-08T18:00:00-5:00

  - '@id': mfg:d4d2fd71-34f2-41c3-b1c5-19ad5ed2da59
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    outputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: produce
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf # desk
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    hasPointInTime: 2019-04-08T17:30:00-5:00
    created: 2019-04-08T18:02:00-5:00

  # After corrections

  - '@id': mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    '@type': Process
    name: Make the lean desk

  # original consume event

  - '@id': mfg:b52a5815-fae9-43bf-be95-833b95dc0adb
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: consume
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9 # plywood sheets
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 3
    hasPointInTime: 2019-04-08T10:00:00-5:00
    created: 2019-04-08T18:00:00-5:00

  # the consume event is backed out completely and a new event entered to replace it

  - '@id': mfg:b52a5815-fae9-43bf-be95-833b95dc0sdf
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: consume
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9 # plywood sheets
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: -3
    hasPointInTime: 2019-04-08T18:00:00-5:00
    created: 2019-04-08T18:00:00-5:00
    corrects: mfg:b52a5815-fae9-43bf-be95-833b95dc0adb

  - '@id': mfg:b52a5815-fae9-43bf-be95-833b95dc0yu8
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: consume
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:3129ca8b-fcda-45be-bbda-294dc924d3b9 # plywood sheets
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 5
    hasPointInTime: 2019-04-08T10:00:00-5:00
    created: 2019-04-08T18:01:00-5:00

  # original work event

  - '@id': mfg:6f438393-7f87-4914-806c-e23a4fd15e89
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: work
    provider: https://alice.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceConformsTo: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q192047 # machining
    effortQuantity:
      hasUnit: hour
      hasNumericalValue: 7
    hasBeginning: 2019-04-08T10:30:00-5:00
    hasEnd: 2019-04-08T16:30:00-5:00
    created: 2019-04-08T18:00:00-5:00

  # the work event is corrected without backing it out completely

  - '@id': mfg:6f438393-7f87-4914-806c-e23a4fd158uj
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    inputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: work
    provider: https://alice.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceConformsTo: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q192047 # machining
    effortQuantity:
      hasUnit: hour
      hasNumericalValue: -1
    hasBeginning: 2019-04-08T10:30:00-5:00
    hasEnd: 2019-04-08T16:30:00-5:00
    created: 2019-04-08T18:00:00-5:00
    corrects: mfg:6f438393-7f87-4914-806c-e23a4fd15e89

  # the produce event is not corrected

  - '@id': mfg:d4d2fd71-34f2-41c3-b1c5-19ad5ed2da59
    '@type': EconomicEvent
    outputOf: mfg:02b39a30-3e04-4305-9656-7f261aa63c84
    action: produce
    provider: https://manufacturing.example/
    receiver: https://manufacturing.example/
    resourceInventoriedAs: mfg:e1721a61-cd47-4556-84b9-8b1b81da15bf # desk
    resourceQuantity:
      hasUnit: one
      hasNumericalValue: 1
    hasPointInTime: 2019-04-08T17:30:00-5:00
    created: 2019-04-08T18:02:00-5:00